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A special subset of the human body's immune system white cells (lymphocytes), T-cells are theorized to play a key role in Multiple Sclerosis. The "T" stands for "thymus," which is the organ in which they complete their final stage of development. 

Normally these cells, who have individualized tasks to find a kill a particular type of cell (e.g., a flu virus), can distinguish between self and non-self cells. But in MS, it is theorized that the T-cells turn against the body, specifically myelin cells which provide the protective coating of the nerve fibers of the central nervous system-- viewing it as a foreign invader that must be attacked and killed. When the T-cells kill off the myelin cells, the underlying nerve fibers are exposed and begin to either have difficulty transmitting their electrical impulses or die off entirely without their protective sheath.

Many MS treatments, including Tysabri, specifically target the trafficking of T-cells into the central nervous system as a point of effective treatment for MS.

Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis

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