JCB wrote:
Dr Sclafani,
In your opinion is one jugular enough?
I have had multlple PTA procedures and stent placements to open up my left jugular, the longest it has remained open is three months. I have a large collateral that branches off right above the blockage. My IR is hesitant (and I agree) to stent over this collateral. I have good flow through my right internal jugular.
I believe that I am out of options, I haven't heard of many (if any) successful long term vein grafts, for the jugular.
Jim
Dear jim
sorry you have has such difficulties
it is difficult to give a really expert answer based simply on the history you provide and in the absence of images that show your venous anatomy and pathology.
As a general rule, if you have a large collateral, it is a good idea to preserve it although direct line flow is probably better and providing drainage.
But why do you keep stenosing (or, is it occluding?)? Is there stenosis at the skull base between the dural sinus and the internal jugular vein? Was the stent placed early in your treatment and possibly unnecessary to begin with? Have you had strong intimal reaction to the stent leading to stenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia? Have you been on continuous anti-thrombin A and antiplatelet medications?
I like the collaterals. They are better than nothing. is there any evidence of stenosis or valve disease of the collateral? Does it run through your thyroid gland? If so, how is your thyroid function?
You say that your right internal jugular is fine. That is good. was it ever treated? is the larger of the two vessels? Have you had IVUS of that vein to assure yourself that it is optimally opened? What about the other veins that contribute to cerebrospinal drainage such as the azygos and hemiazygos veins, the left renal vein and the ascending lumbar vein? Are they open without stenosis? That is very important. Which of your transverse sinuses is largest and is there asymmetry of their drainage?
Finally, and most importantly, how are you feeling? Have you received benefits from the treatments at any time? Which benefits persist and which have deteriorated? What type of MS do you have. If you are progressive, has your progression slowed down or sped up? If you are relapsing remitting, have you seen more or less relapses since your treatments?
There is many other considerations when addressing a complex problem like yours. I have illustrated some of the issues that come to mind in order for a treating physician to make a treatment plan in your current situation. The answers to these questions probably will lead to more questions but in the end a plan can be formulated.
Sorry for the long winded and indefinite opinion but as you can see it is not a simple answer.