Hi Vesta,
I think at least part of MS is hormone related as well. But it goes beyond female hormones. The fluctuations of hormones in the female reproductive cycle make us more susceptible to damage caused by excess hpa hormones. Progesterone blocks both cortisol and aldosterone...but its also a precursor to aldosterone. So, adding bcp w/progesterone could wind up causing more damage by feeding aldosterone synthesis. (btw, I think I might have taken bcp for a whole 3 mos of my life...not the culprit with me) During menstruation, our progesterone levels plummet, which for me results in pseudo flares. Does anyone else get that? In the last 3 months of pregnancy, there is so much circulating progesterone that even if aldosterone is also raised, it has greatly reduced opportunity to dock in MRs.
Estrogen actually protects our blood vessels (but can cause thrombi in the liver). Spironalactone, an estrogen-like aldosterone blocker, allows endothelial repair in male rats, but not female rats. I think this is because the females are already protected to some extent by estrogen.
I think MS progresses faster in women post-menopause because our progesterone and estrogen production dramatically drops and we lose our natural protection from cortisol and aldosterone. Another aldosterone-related condition, cardiovascular disease also increases post-menopause.
PwMS have a constantly activated hpa axis. We don't get a break from cortisol or aldosterone and I suspect our CYP450 aldosterone genes make it even worse by causing us to make excess aldosterone.
Cortisol shrinks regional gray matter (documented elsewhere on tims) and reduces CBF...how ccsbfi of it.
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/2/616.full.pdfQuote:
The stress hormone cortisol acts onthe brain, supporting adaptation andtime-adjusted coping processes.Whereas previous research has focused on slow emerging, genomic effects of cortisol, we addressed the rapid, nongenomic cortisol effects on in vivo neuronal activity in humans. Three independent placebo-controlled studies in healthy men were conducted. We observed changes in CNS activity within 15 min after intravenous administration of a physiological dose of 4 mg of cortisol (hydrocortisone). Two of the studies demonstrated a rapid bilateral thalamic perfusion decrement using continuous arterial spin labeling. The third study revealed rapid, cortisol-induced changes in global signal strength and map dissimilarity of the electroencephalogram. Our data demonstrate that a physiological concentration of cortisol profoundly affects the functioning and perfusion of the human brain in vivo via a rapid, nongenomic mechanism. The changes in neuronal functioning suggest that cortisol acts on the thalamic relay of background as well as on task-specific sensory information, allowing focus and facilitation of adaptation to challenges.
Quote:
The physiological origins of the observed changes in CBF can be twofold. One, GCs may hypothetically act on the vascular resistance on the levels of arterioles, which would influence the postarteriole blood flow (Gros et al., 2007). Another explanation lies in the effect on the metabolism of cells: a GC-mediated decrease in neuronal activity would decrease metabolic needs and cause reduced CBF. The specific endocrine pathways by which GCs can rapidly and nongenomically influence such changes in neuronal activity are still unknown (for a general overview of possible pathways in animal models, see Groeneweg et al., 2011).
A few things caused by excess aldosterone:
-artherosclerosis
-suspected na/k pump/tight junction/bbb disruption (related to osmotic demyelination in CAH...cute little early MS looking lesions)
-upregulation of several immune system "bad guys" associated with MS
-likely muscle tension...spasticity (definitely causes "tense" cardiac muscles) Inhibiting aldosterone/cortisol eliminated my problem with tense neck and shoulder muscles.
-several vitamin/mineral deficiencies common in MS (excess cortisol associates with several too)
I'm *trying* to quit harping on this but I can't keep quiet when I see something so closely related posted. My apologies if you are tired of hearing this old song.