ljm wrote:This is the first time I've heard of pine bark, the link below provides overview from sloan ketterling, its too late tonight for me to follow very closely, is anyone else familiar with this supplement?
I've posted some information below from the Health Notes website. There are two things I should note that are in contrast to the overly positive information from Health Notes. The first is that at least one author, Dr. Nicholas Perricone in his book the
Perricone Prescription, has indicated that grape seed extract is the preferred form of Proanthocyanidin supplement as compared to pine bark extract. The second point, and perhaps the more important one with respect to MS, is that there has been some research published which indicates that grape seed extract has been found to increase interferon-gamma which would make it contraindicated for MS. Please refer to
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl ... f/0214.pdf.
An additional point is that there are some antioxidants which are likely to be beneficial for MS. These include epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea, R-Lipoic Acid, and curcumin from turmeric. It's interesting to note that one thing all of these three antioxidants have in common is that they have been reported to inhibit the activity of the NF-kB transcription factor which is responsible for producing proinflammatory cell signaling proteins.
Anyways, here's the info from Health Notes:
Proanthocyanidins
What are they?
Proanthocyanidins—also called "OPCs" for oligomeric procyanidins or "PCOs" for procyanidolic oligomers—are a class of nutrients belonging to the flavonoid family.
Proanthocyanidins have antioxidant activity and they play a role in the stabilization of collagen and maintenance of elastin—two critical proteins in connective tissue that support organs, joints, blood vessels, and muscle (1, 2). Possibly because of their effects on blood vessels, proanthocyanidins have been reported in double-blind research to reduce the duration of edema after face-lift surgery from 15.8 to 11.4 days (3). In preliminary research, proanthocyanidins were reported to have anti-mutagenic activity (i.e., to prevent chromosomal mutations) (4).
Proanthocyanidins have been shown to strengthen capillaries in double-blind research using as little as 100 mg per day (5). In another double-blind trial, French researchers reported that women with chronic venous insufficiency had reduced symptoms using 150 mg per day (6). In another French double-blind trial, supplementation with 100 mg taken three times per day, resulted in benefits within four weeks (7).
Proanthocyanidins (200 mg per day for five weeks) have improved aspects of vision (visual performance in the dark and after exposure to glare) in healthy people (8, 9). A product that is high in proanthocyanidins has been shown to prevent and reverse abnormal blood clotting in smokers (10).
Where are they found?
Proanthocyanidins can be found in many plants, most notably pine bark, grape seed, and grape skin. However, bilberry, cranberry, black currant, green tea, black tea, and other plants also contain these flavonoids. Nutritional supplements containing proanthocyanidins extracts from various plant sources are available, alone or in combination with other nutrients, in herbal extracts, capsules, and tablets.
Proanthocyanidins have been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Science Ratings · · ·
Health Concerns
3Stars · · · · · · · · · · Chronic venous insufficiency
2Stars · · · · · · · · · · Capillary fragility
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Retinopathy
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Sunburn
1Star · · · · · · · · · · · Pancreatic insufficiency
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Varicose Veins
3Stars: Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.
2Stars: Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.
1Star: For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.
Who is likely to be deficient?
Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins are not classified as essential nutrients because their absence does not induce a deficiency state. However, proanthocyanidins may have many health benefits, and anyone not eating the various plants that contain them would not derive these benefits.
How much is usually taken?
Flavonoids (proanthocyanidins and others) are a significant source of antioxidants in the average diet. Proanthocyanidins at 50–100 mg per day is considered a reasonable supplemental level by some doctors, but optimal levels remain unknown.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Flavonoids, in general, and proanthocyanidins, specifically, have not been associated with any consistent side effects. As they are water-soluble nutrients, excess intake is simply excreted in the urine.
At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with Proanthocyanidins.
References:
1. Mitcheva M, Astroug H, Drenska D, et al. Biochemical and morphological studies on the effects of anthocyans and vitamin E on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. Cell Mol Bio 1993;39:443–8.
2. Maffei F, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action. Arzneimittelforschung 1994;44:592–601.
3. Baroch J. Effect of Endotelon in postoperative edema. Results of a double-blind study versus placebo in 32 female patients. Ann Chir Polast Esthet 1984;29:393–5 [in French].
4. Liviero L, Puglisis E. Antimutagenic activity of procyanidins from vitis vinfera. Fitother 1994;65:203–9.
5. Dartenuc JY, Marache P, Choussat H. Resistance Capillaire en Geriatrie Etude d’un Microangioprotecteur. Bordeaux Médical 1980;13:903–7 [in French].
6. Delacroix P. Etude en Double Avengle de l’Endotelon dans l’Insuffisance Veineuse Chronique. Therapeutique, la Revue de Medicine 1981;27–28 Sept:1793–802 [in French].
7. Thebaut JF, Thebaut P, Vin F. Study of Endotelon in functional manifestations of peripheral venous insufficiency. Gazette Medicale 1985;92:96–100 [in French].
8. Corbe C, Boissin JP, Siou A. Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidalic oligomers. J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11:453–60.
9. Boissin JP, Corbe C, Siou A. Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling; use of procyanidolic oligomers. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1988;88:173–4, 177–9 [in French].
10. Puetter M, Grotemeyer KHM, Wuerthwein G, et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 1999;95:155–61.
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NHE
