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Duplication of the internal jugular vein is a rare congenital anomaly. Embryologically, the origin of the internal Jugular vein is from the precardial vein. It has been postulated that, duplication may result from derangement from early development between the third and sixth gestational week 6.The common association with Phlebectasia suggests abnormal development of venous wall, possibly involving incomplete formation of the muscular layer.

Three theories have been put forward to explain duplication 2. The vascular theory is the one that is usually accepted 2. This theory suggests that duplication is thought to result from the appearance of a secondary venous ring at a lower level surrounding the spinal accessory nerve. The persistence of this secondary ring adult life may be important in the aetiology of venous duplication2

1. SA Downie, L Schalop, JN Mazurek, G Savitch, GJ Lelonek TR Olson. Bilateral duplicated internal jugular vein:Case report and literature review.Clinal Anatomy 2007;20:260-6. (s)

2. Prades JM, Timoshinko A, Dumollard JM, Durand M, Merzougui N,Martin C. High duplication of the internal jugular vein: clinical incidence in the adult and surgical consequences, a report of three clinical cases. Surg Radiol Anat 2002;24:129-32. (s)

3. Sylaidis P, Bardsley A, Montgomery P. Duplication of internal jugular vein. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:1358. (s)

4. Munoz Guerra FM, Campo FR, Gias LN, Gonzalez. Double internal jugular vein. Plast Reconstruct Surg 2000;106:1434-5. (s)

5. Som PM, Shugar JM, Sacher M, Lanzieri CF. Internal jugular vein phlebectasia and duplication: CT features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985;9:390-2. (s)

6. Rossi A, Tortori-Donati P. Internal jugular vein phlebectasia and duplication: case report with magnetic resonance angiography features. Pediatr Radiol 2001;31:134. (s)

7. BS Nayak. Surgically important variations of the jugular veins. Clinal Anatomy 2006;19:544-6. (s)

8. Doepp F,Schreiber SJ, Von Munster T, Rademacher J, Klingebiel R, Valdueza JM. How does the blood leave the brain? A systematic ultrasound analysis of cerebral venous drainage patterns. Neuroradiology 2004;46:565-70. (s)

9. Work J. Chronic catheter placement. Semin Dial 2001;14:436-40. (s)

10. Dodo Y. Observations on the bony bridging of the jugular foramen in man. J Anat 1986;144:153-65. (s)