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The FDA has just approved the use of the special software & equipment that Dr. Zamboni’s team helped develop for evaluating blood flow in the deep cerebral veins (DCVs). This part of the evaluation is one of the five criteria used to determine CCSVI.

This software is a huge improvement over traditional means for evaluating the blood flow direction in the DCVs.

When I was doing ultrasonic spot-welds on bits of metal tape it was a statistical nightmare to make sense of the data. Maybe you need to have a very large number of readings when the frequency is so high, because you're listening through bone. I don't know. I believe it that he has done it, and that without the software, you're toast. Hand grenades won't be of any help.

Great to hear of the FDA approval.

For research purposes, as of the March ISNVD consensus, there are currently four Zamboni criteria; deep cerebral veins reflux was dropped.

OK. I think I remember now. They were electrical welds. I listened with a high frequency ultrasonic microphone (very small) while I pulled the welds apart mechanically. The sound was of metal breaking or ripping (little pieces of metal tape). I just remember it wasn't too consistent, but hardly comparable to blood flow, just that you need high frequency to listen through bone, I think. I am not an expert.