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I totally agree. Get angioplasty as soon after MS diagonosis as you can. The longer you wait the more irreversible damage to the neural axons may occur. Besides, increasing blood flow and oxygen to the brain can not be a bad thing.

Well described Cheer. I would like to add my understanding of the possible underlying mechanics. CCSVI results in, not only hypoperfusion and hypoxia, but also oscillating (changing) blood flow direction every cardiac cycle within select cerebral and spinal veins. Such oscillating flow is measurable...

Thanks for posting this Cece. This research seems pretty significant to me. Note it is co-authored by Toro and Haacke. Bear in mind that there is always an average non-fluctuating pressure and a systolic/diastolic fluctuating pressure to consideration. The literature tends to blur these a bit. My vi...

My perception is that it would be of interest for IRs, when performing the dilation of obstructions, to also note pulse and flow rates and the location of scleroses relative to the obstructions. Finding a correlation between the obstruction/sclerosis distance (through the vein connections) and the h...

I was struck by the line in the paper by Alexander et al (and they reference a paper by Adamson et al, 213) that “…retrograde flow, rather than shear forces, diminishes the venous endothelial solute barrier (note Adamson addresses permeability to water) by decreasing the organization of the endothel...

A further thought - with so many MS patients having a non-functioning valve or vein thickening at the confluence of the IJVs and the superior cava, (the origin of many cases of venous reflux) how much effort has been put into studying the nature of the deformity? Might it be similar to the thickenin...

Thought I should clarify my point about zero flow - an interval of zero flow would occur at the same point in the cardiac cycle and at the same point in the veins for many, many cardiac cycles, but flow would be positive on one size of the zero for part of the cycle and negative for the other part. ...

Thanks for surfacing these Cece. More reading tonight. Joan was right. You're bright and articulate.

I suspect it refers to the joining point of two or more veins or arteries which results in localized regions of blood flow turbulence. At this point endothelial cells may be weakened giving rise to localized de-myelination. Similar effects occur on the arterial side near confluences, giving rise to ...

Here are some thoughts on the relationship between scleroses on artery walls and scleroses on cerebral vein walls. a. A venous obstruction (doesn't really matter why or where) that causes pulsatile reflux back into the brain would cause a standing pressure wave within the vein and sinuses - with suc...

I meant Hepatic Portal Vein.

Thanks 1 eye. You didn’t need a biker party next door. Glad it didn’t affect your providing a conference summary. I would like to add to your summary, that I had also expressed some discomfort with the term “CCSVI” - that the “insufficiency” descriptor was an insufficient description of the conseque...

I don't know of anyone who is on it either Cece. But as a footnote, I suspect Zamboni of being a master of understatement. I suspect over-pressure in the SSS that is not subtle at all, but perhaps 80% above normal. This can't be measured directly by any method that I know, but, theoretically, could ...

Thanks for this Cece. Delighted to see mention of localized hypertension. Next question is what would the impact of elevated pressure on the permeability of the blood-brain-barrier to leukocytes?

You are a perceptive lot. I would like to add that man’s execution of scientific endeavor may be driven by my more than scientific curiosity alone. Other human factors, such as greed, wrath, envy and pride (acedia and vainglory?) may also, conceivably, be motivators. I would like also to quote Ameri...