Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Hi NHE,
You might find this discussion on mRNA vaccines of interest.
Regards,
You might find this discussion on mRNA vaccines of interest.
Regards,
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Cardiac complications following covid infection are common.
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... ally-scary
Most people think of the coronavirus as a respiratory illness, but the cardiac effects of COVID-19 are also very worrisome.
There is good news, at last, regarding COVID. According to the CDC, the number of Americans hospitalized with COVID-19 has reached the lowest level since the pandemic took off. Hospitals are one of the few places where accurate infection data are tracked and reported to the CDC. At its peak in January, 2022, there were over 150,000 new weekly hospital admissions. In its latest report, the CDC registered 8,256 weekly admissions. Most people think of COVID-19 as a respiratory infection because the effects on the lungs are so dramatic. Perhaps they assume that once patients recover from COVID-19, they get on with their lives with no residual complications. However, several studies contradict that belief. Instead they demonstrate that the long-lasting cardiac effects of COVID-19 are truly worrisome.
Cardiac Effects of COVID-19
Stiffer Arteries After COVID-19:
A small study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine reveals that arteries become stiffer after COVID-19 infection. The healthy, young volunteers had participated in laboratory studies before the pandemic began (Journal of Clinical Medicine, March 8, 2023). Researchers used the same protocols to measure arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics after the participants recovered from mild COVID infections. As a result, the volunteers basically served as their own controls.
None reported serious complications from their illness. However, the investigators found that two to three months after recovery, the volunteers’ arteries were significantly stiffer.
The authors conclude that there is
“a widespread and long-lasting pathological process in the vasculature following the mild COVID-19 infection.”
Although it is unclear if these changes are permanent, if they are, they could be troublesome. Arterial stiffness tends to increase with aging and may contribute to cardiovascular complications later in life.
Dangerous Blood Clots Show Up in a British Study:
A British study published in the journal Heart compared 20,000 COVID patients to similar people who had not been infected (Heart, Oct. 24, 2022). Those who had been diagnosed with COVID had three times the risk of a dangerous blood clot in the veins following recovery. That held even for those who had not required hospitalization.
People hospitalized with COVID were 28 times more likely to suffer a deep vein thrombosis, 22 times more likely to develop heart failure and almost 18 times more likely to have a stroke than uninfected individuals. The elevated risk was especially high in the first month after infection, but it may last for up to a year.
Los Angeles Sees a Rise in Heart Attacks:
A separate study published in the Journal of Medical Virology analyzed data from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles (Journal of Medical Virology, Sept. 29, 2022). Although the rates of heart attacks had been gradually declining for several years before the pandemic, they rose sharply starting in 2020. The increase was greatest in relatively young adults from 25 to 44. According to the researchers, the heart attack death rate is now 30 percent higher than expected in that age group. People over 65 are dying of heart attacks nearly 14 percent more often than expected. The scientists hypothesize that a combination of stress and virus-induced inflammation may account for these cardiac effects of COVID-19.
Studying the Coronavirus and the Heart:
In one of the earlier studies, researchers analyzed MRIs of the hearts of 200 people (JAMA Cardiology, July 27, 2020). Half of them had recovered from COVID-19 and the other half were matched for age and sex but had not been infected.
They were young adults to middle-aged. The average age was 49. These were relatively healthy people. Many of the COVID patients had caught the infection while on ski vacations.
Of the 100 people infected with the coronavirus, 67 recovered at home. A third required hospitalization and only two required mechanical ventilation. 18 patients had no symptoms and 49 had “minor to moderate symptoms.”
What Were the Cardiac Effects of COVID-19?
The researchers found that more than three quarters of the recovered patients had structural changes in their hearts after infection.
These cardiac effects of COVID-19 included:
“…myocardial inflammation (defined as abnormal native T1 and T2 measures), detected in 60 patients recently recovered from COVID-19 (60%), followed by regional scar and pericardial enhancement. Findings on classic parameters, such as volumes and ejection fractions, were mildly abnormal.”
In addition to cardiac inflammation, many infected patients also had elevated levels of troponin, a biomarker used to detect cardiac damage from a heart attack.
The authors note:
“…our findings reveal that significant cardiac involvement occurs independently of the severity of original presentation and persists beyond the period of acute presentation, with no significant trend toward reduction of imaging or serological findings during the recovery period.”
What that means is that patients who were not all that sick from the coronavirus experienced heart damage. And the heart inflammation persisted after recovery from the infection. Many of these “recovered” patients experienced unusual chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath and general exhaustion. When the heart muscle suffers such damage, the heart can no longer pump blood as efficiently as it should.
The Deadly Cardiac Effects of COVID-19:
Another previous study looked at heart tissue in older people who had died from COVID-19 (JAMA Cardiology , July 27, 2020). More than half of them had high levels of the coronavirus in their heart tissue. It appears that the virus can set up housekeeping in the heart and start replicating itself.
An editorial in the same issue of JAMA Cardiology suggests that:
“These new findings provide intriguing evidence that COVID-19 is associated with at least some component of myocardial injury, perhaps as the result of direct viral infection of the heart.”
These cardiologists worry that the damage seen in these studies could foretell “new-onset heart failure and other cardiovascular complications.”
They state that:
“…we are inclined to raise a new and very evident concern that cardiomyopathy and heart failure related to COVID-19 may potentially evolve as the natural history of this infection becomes clearer.”
What Is the Future of Cardiac Effects of COVID-19?
At last count, roughly 625 million people around the world have tested positive for COVID-19. The US has had over 97 million cases and that might be an undercount. If the research published in JAMA Cardiology holds up, millions of people could have some degree of heart damage. That’s even if they were not very ill from the coronavirus.
We don’t know how long the inflammation will last. Unfortunately, the recent studies suggest that it may cause trouble for at least a year following infection.
Many Americans believe that the overwhelming majority of people recover from COVID-19 without any lasting harm. This research suggests otherwise. Many of the study participants did not know that they had heart inflammation or damage until they were tested by cardiologists with sophisticated imaging.
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... ally-scary
Most people think of the coronavirus as a respiratory illness, but the cardiac effects of COVID-19 are also very worrisome.
There is good news, at last, regarding COVID. According to the CDC, the number of Americans hospitalized with COVID-19 has reached the lowest level since the pandemic took off. Hospitals are one of the few places where accurate infection data are tracked and reported to the CDC. At its peak in January, 2022, there were over 150,000 new weekly hospital admissions. In its latest report, the CDC registered 8,256 weekly admissions. Most people think of COVID-19 as a respiratory infection because the effects on the lungs are so dramatic. Perhaps they assume that once patients recover from COVID-19, they get on with their lives with no residual complications. However, several studies contradict that belief. Instead they demonstrate that the long-lasting cardiac effects of COVID-19 are truly worrisome.
Cardiac Effects of COVID-19
Stiffer Arteries After COVID-19:
A small study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine reveals that arteries become stiffer after COVID-19 infection. The healthy, young volunteers had participated in laboratory studies before the pandemic began (Journal of Clinical Medicine, March 8, 2023). Researchers used the same protocols to measure arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics after the participants recovered from mild COVID infections. As a result, the volunteers basically served as their own controls.
None reported serious complications from their illness. However, the investigators found that two to three months after recovery, the volunteers’ arteries were significantly stiffer.
The authors conclude that there is
“a widespread and long-lasting pathological process in the vasculature following the mild COVID-19 infection.”
Although it is unclear if these changes are permanent, if they are, they could be troublesome. Arterial stiffness tends to increase with aging and may contribute to cardiovascular complications later in life.
Dangerous Blood Clots Show Up in a British Study:
A British study published in the journal Heart compared 20,000 COVID patients to similar people who had not been infected (Heart, Oct. 24, 2022). Those who had been diagnosed with COVID had three times the risk of a dangerous blood clot in the veins following recovery. That held even for those who had not required hospitalization.
People hospitalized with COVID were 28 times more likely to suffer a deep vein thrombosis, 22 times more likely to develop heart failure and almost 18 times more likely to have a stroke than uninfected individuals. The elevated risk was especially high in the first month after infection, but it may last for up to a year.
Los Angeles Sees a Rise in Heart Attacks:
A separate study published in the Journal of Medical Virology analyzed data from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles (Journal of Medical Virology, Sept. 29, 2022). Although the rates of heart attacks had been gradually declining for several years before the pandemic, they rose sharply starting in 2020. The increase was greatest in relatively young adults from 25 to 44. According to the researchers, the heart attack death rate is now 30 percent higher than expected in that age group. People over 65 are dying of heart attacks nearly 14 percent more often than expected. The scientists hypothesize that a combination of stress and virus-induced inflammation may account for these cardiac effects of COVID-19.
Studying the Coronavirus and the Heart:
In one of the earlier studies, researchers analyzed MRIs of the hearts of 200 people (JAMA Cardiology, July 27, 2020). Half of them had recovered from COVID-19 and the other half were matched for age and sex but had not been infected.
They were young adults to middle-aged. The average age was 49. These were relatively healthy people. Many of the COVID patients had caught the infection while on ski vacations.
Of the 100 people infected with the coronavirus, 67 recovered at home. A third required hospitalization and only two required mechanical ventilation. 18 patients had no symptoms and 49 had “minor to moderate symptoms.”
What Were the Cardiac Effects of COVID-19?
The researchers found that more than three quarters of the recovered patients had structural changes in their hearts after infection.
These cardiac effects of COVID-19 included:
“…myocardial inflammation (defined as abnormal native T1 and T2 measures), detected in 60 patients recently recovered from COVID-19 (60%), followed by regional scar and pericardial enhancement. Findings on classic parameters, such as volumes and ejection fractions, were mildly abnormal.”
In addition to cardiac inflammation, many infected patients also had elevated levels of troponin, a biomarker used to detect cardiac damage from a heart attack.
The authors note:
“…our findings reveal that significant cardiac involvement occurs independently of the severity of original presentation and persists beyond the period of acute presentation, with no significant trend toward reduction of imaging or serological findings during the recovery period.”
What that means is that patients who were not all that sick from the coronavirus experienced heart damage. And the heart inflammation persisted after recovery from the infection. Many of these “recovered” patients experienced unusual chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath and general exhaustion. When the heart muscle suffers such damage, the heart can no longer pump blood as efficiently as it should.
The Deadly Cardiac Effects of COVID-19:
Another previous study looked at heart tissue in older people who had died from COVID-19 (JAMA Cardiology , July 27, 2020). More than half of them had high levels of the coronavirus in their heart tissue. It appears that the virus can set up housekeeping in the heart and start replicating itself.
An editorial in the same issue of JAMA Cardiology suggests that:
“These new findings provide intriguing evidence that COVID-19 is associated with at least some component of myocardial injury, perhaps as the result of direct viral infection of the heart.”
These cardiologists worry that the damage seen in these studies could foretell “new-onset heart failure and other cardiovascular complications.”
They state that:
“…we are inclined to raise a new and very evident concern that cardiomyopathy and heart failure related to COVID-19 may potentially evolve as the natural history of this infection becomes clearer.”
What Is the Future of Cardiac Effects of COVID-19?
At last count, roughly 625 million people around the world have tested positive for COVID-19. The US has had over 97 million cases and that might be an undercount. If the research published in JAMA Cardiology holds up, millions of people could have some degree of heart damage. That’s even if they were not very ill from the coronavirus.
We don’t know how long the inflammation will last. Unfortunately, the recent studies suggest that it may cause trouble for at least a year following infection.
Many Americans believe that the overwhelming majority of people recover from COVID-19 without any lasting harm. This research suggests otherwise. Many of the study participants did not know that they had heart inflammation or damage until they were tested by cardiologists with sophisticated imaging.
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
MS
2023 Sep 25
Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Patients with multiple sclerosis: COVID-19 related disease activity and hospitalisations based on a nationwide cohort study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37778157/
..Conclusions: In this nationwide cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 did not seem to trigger multiple sclerosis disease activity (based on proxy variables). We found a significantly increased risk of being hospitalised with COVID-19 in the first 30 days after a positive COVID-19 PCR test in patients with multiple sclerosis irrespective of the type of reference population. In patients with multiple sclerosis, the use of disease-modifying treatment did not increase the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19.
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Ambient air
2024 Jan
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Impact of short-term ambient air pollution exposure on the risk of severe COVID-19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37778832/
2023 Sep 25
Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Patients with multiple sclerosis: COVID-19 related disease activity and hospitalisations based on a nationwide cohort study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37778157/
..Conclusions: In this nationwide cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 did not seem to trigger multiple sclerosis disease activity (based on proxy variables). We found a significantly increased risk of being hospitalised with COVID-19 in the first 30 days after a positive COVID-19 PCR test in patients with multiple sclerosis irrespective of the type of reference population. In patients with multiple sclerosis, the use of disease-modifying treatment did not increase the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Ambient air
2024 Jan
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Impact of short-term ambient air pollution exposure on the risk of severe COVID-19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37778832/
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
2023 Oct 3
School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Global association between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797765/
School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Global association between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797765/
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Should You Worry About the Latest COVID-19 Variant?
Health officials note an increase in cases, so scientists are vigilant about the latest COVID-19 variant appearing in several countries.
Terry Graedon - November 09, 2023
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... 19-variant
A new highly mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2 is circulating internationally. Its immediate predecessor has the scientific name BA.2.86, but most people call it Pirola. The latest COVID-19 variant circulating in Europe and the US has been labeled JN.1. As we noted, it is a mutation of the Pirola strain, BA.2.86.
Infectious disease experts are worried that it may be more transmissible than previous versions of Omicron (a highly contagious form of SARS-CoV-2). Along with many of the typical symptoms of COVID-19, the Pirola variant frequently causes eye irritation, a skin rash or mouth ulcers. JN.1 was first detected in the US in September, and may be causing similar symptoms.
Will the Booster Work Against JN.1?
Scientists expect the updated COVID booster to work nearly as well against JN.1 as against previous variants. Even people who are vaccinated should be careful, though. No vaccine has yet proved to provide complete protection against SARS-CoV-2. Scientists are still not sure if this latest COVID-19 variant is extra scary.
Where Are COVID Cases Increasing?
COVID-19 has not gone away. Although rates are lower than they were at this time last year, cases are increasing in some parts of the country. You can learn about the rates in your county by checking the CDC widget.
Americans can order four free COVID tests per household to be delivered through the mail. To order online, go to covid.gov. These tests have been shown to detect the latest COVID-19 variant as well as earlier versions of the infection.
What Do You Call the Latest COVID-19 Variant?
If you have lost count of variant names, it is hardly surprising. The challenges of following technical nomenclature has led researchers to develop creative names such as Centaurus, Kraken and Eris. Those are a bit more memorable than B.1.1.7 or XBB.1.5. But even those nicknames have proliferated so fast it has been hard to keep up.
Pirola, a name derived from the Greek letters Pi and Rho, has some scientists concerned because it has more than 30 mutations on its spike protein. Such a big change might make it more infectious or more difficult for our immune systems to detect.
Research Suggests We Can Handle the Latest Variant:
Fortunately, preliminary research suggests that people who are vaccinated or who had previous COVID-19 infections may be just as capable of responding to Pirola as to earlier variants. There isn’t enough evidence yet to tell whether it may be more transmissible, but it doesn’t appear to be causing more serious illness.
However, public health experts are urging everyone to maintain their usual precautions against COVID-19.
Health officials note an increase in cases, so scientists are vigilant about the latest COVID-19 variant appearing in several countries.
Terry Graedon - November 09, 2023
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... 19-variant
A new highly mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2 is circulating internationally. Its immediate predecessor has the scientific name BA.2.86, but most people call it Pirola. The latest COVID-19 variant circulating in Europe and the US has been labeled JN.1. As we noted, it is a mutation of the Pirola strain, BA.2.86.
Infectious disease experts are worried that it may be more transmissible than previous versions of Omicron (a highly contagious form of SARS-CoV-2). Along with many of the typical symptoms of COVID-19, the Pirola variant frequently causes eye irritation, a skin rash or mouth ulcers. JN.1 was first detected in the US in September, and may be causing similar symptoms.
Will the Booster Work Against JN.1?
Scientists expect the updated COVID booster to work nearly as well against JN.1 as against previous variants. Even people who are vaccinated should be careful, though. No vaccine has yet proved to provide complete protection against SARS-CoV-2. Scientists are still not sure if this latest COVID-19 variant is extra scary.
Where Are COVID Cases Increasing?
COVID-19 has not gone away. Although rates are lower than they were at this time last year, cases are increasing in some parts of the country. You can learn about the rates in your county by checking the CDC widget.
Americans can order four free COVID tests per household to be delivered through the mail. To order online, go to covid.gov. These tests have been shown to detect the latest COVID-19 variant as well as earlier versions of the infection.
What Do You Call the Latest COVID-19 Variant?
If you have lost count of variant names, it is hardly surprising. The challenges of following technical nomenclature has led researchers to develop creative names such as Centaurus, Kraken and Eris. Those are a bit more memorable than B.1.1.7 or XBB.1.5. But even those nicknames have proliferated so fast it has been hard to keep up.
Pirola, a name derived from the Greek letters Pi and Rho, has some scientists concerned because it has more than 30 mutations on its spike protein. Such a big change might make it more infectious or more difficult for our immune systems to detect.
Research Suggests We Can Handle the Latest Variant:
Fortunately, preliminary research suggests that people who are vaccinated or who had previous COVID-19 infections may be just as capable of responding to Pirola as to earlier variants. There isn’t enough evidence yet to tell whether it may be more transmissible, but it doesn’t appear to be causing more serious illness.
However, public health experts are urging everyone to maintain their usual precautions against COVID-19.
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Study Reveals Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 vaccines produce some very serious side effects such as Guillain Barré syndrome, but for the most part these are rare.
Terry Graedon - February 29, 2024
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... 9-vaccines
Back in the summer of 2020, people could hardly wait for COVID-19 vaccines to be developed so that the pandemic would end. Within a few months, people were starting to report side effects such as Bell’s palsy or a false-positive result on mammograms. A new study published in the journal Vaccine reveals some interesting discoveries about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (Vaccine, Feb. 12, 2024).
What Serious Side Effects Do COVID-19 Vaccines Cause?
This study, called the Global Vaccine Safety Project, included 99 million people from eight countries. Australia, Canada, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, New Zealand and Scotland participated. All vaccinated large numbers of people and have good health records for tracking the outcomes.
In general, serious side effects were rare. The researchers predicted how frequently a severe complication might occur based on the rates before the pandemic began. For example, they estimated rates of myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, in a healthy unvaccinated population. This problem was twice as common following vaccination. Nonetheless, there were relatively few cases.
Guillain Barré syndrome, a neurological complication that causes temporary paralysis, was more common after the AstraZeneca vaccine. The researchers predicted 76 cases of Guillain Barré in healthy unvaccinated people. They actually observed 190 cases. That’s about 2.5 times more than baseline.
Another serious, but rare complication was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following the Moderna vaccination. Scientists expected 2 cases among 10 million people vaccinated. Instead, they reported 7.
In Conclusion:
The conclusion seems to be that COVID vaccines do indeed cause vascular and neurological adverse reactions, but the overall incidence is low. An independent study of COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated that vaccinated individuals have a reduced risk for severe outcomes, including Long COVID (Vaccine, Feb. 12, 2024).
COVID-19 vaccines produce some very serious side effects such as Guillain Barré syndrome, but for the most part these are rare.
Terry Graedon - February 29, 2024
https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/article ... 9-vaccines
Back in the summer of 2020, people could hardly wait for COVID-19 vaccines to be developed so that the pandemic would end. Within a few months, people were starting to report side effects such as Bell’s palsy or a false-positive result on mammograms. A new study published in the journal Vaccine reveals some interesting discoveries about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (Vaccine, Feb. 12, 2024).
What Serious Side Effects Do COVID-19 Vaccines Cause?
This study, called the Global Vaccine Safety Project, included 99 million people from eight countries. Australia, Canada, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, New Zealand and Scotland participated. All vaccinated large numbers of people and have good health records for tracking the outcomes.
In general, serious side effects were rare. The researchers predicted how frequently a severe complication might occur based on the rates before the pandemic began. For example, they estimated rates of myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, in a healthy unvaccinated population. This problem was twice as common following vaccination. Nonetheless, there were relatively few cases.
Guillain Barré syndrome, a neurological complication that causes temporary paralysis, was more common after the AstraZeneca vaccine. The researchers predicted 76 cases of Guillain Barré in healthy unvaccinated people. They actually observed 190 cases. That’s about 2.5 times more than baseline.
Another serious, but rare complication was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following the Moderna vaccination. Scientists expected 2 cases among 10 million people vaccinated. Instead, they reported 7.
In Conclusion:
The conclusion seems to be that COVID vaccines do indeed cause vascular and neurological adverse reactions, but the overall incidence is low. An independent study of COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated that vaccinated individuals have a reduced risk for severe outcomes, including Long COVID (Vaccine, Feb. 12, 2024).
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
Long COVID causes changes in brain structure leading to memory and cognitive deficits.
Brain and cognitive changes in patients with long COVID compared with infection-recovered control subjects
Brain. 2024 Apr 2:awae101.
Between 2.5 and 28% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer Long COVID or persistence of symptoms for months after acute illness. Many symptoms are neurological, but the brain changes underlying the neuropsychological impairments remain unclear. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the cognitive profile, the pattern of brain alterations in Long COVID and the potential association between them. To address these objectives, 83 patients with persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 were recruited, and 22 now healthy controls chosen because they had suffered COVID-19 but did not experience persistent neurological symptoms. Patients and controls were matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants were assessed by clinical interview, comprehensive standardized neuropsychological tests and structural MRI. The mean global cognitive function of patients with Long COVID assessed by ACE III screening test (Overall Cognitive level - OCLz= -0.39± 0.12) was significantly below the infection recovered-controls (OCLz= +0.32± 0.16, p< 0.01). We observed that 48% of patients with Long COVID had episodic memory deficit, with 27% also impaired overall cognitive function, especially attention, working memory, processing speed and verbal fluency. The MRI examination included grey matter morphometry and whole brain structural connectivity analysis. Compared to infection recovered controls, patients had thinner cortex in a specific cluster centred on the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. In addition, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) were observed in widespread areas of the patients' cerebral white matter relative to these controls. Correlations between cognitive status and brain abnormalities revealed a relationship between altered connectivity of white matter regions and impairments of episodic memory, overall cognitive function, attention and verbal fluency. This study shows that patients with neurological Long COVID suffer brain changes, especially in several white matter areas, and these are associated with impairments of specific cognitive functions.
Brain and cognitive changes in patients with long COVID compared with infection-recovered control subjects
Brain. 2024 Apr 2:awae101.
Between 2.5 and 28% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer Long COVID or persistence of symptoms for months after acute illness. Many symptoms are neurological, but the brain changes underlying the neuropsychological impairments remain unclear. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the cognitive profile, the pattern of brain alterations in Long COVID and the potential association between them. To address these objectives, 83 patients with persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 were recruited, and 22 now healthy controls chosen because they had suffered COVID-19 but did not experience persistent neurological symptoms. Patients and controls were matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants were assessed by clinical interview, comprehensive standardized neuropsychological tests and structural MRI. The mean global cognitive function of patients with Long COVID assessed by ACE III screening test (Overall Cognitive level - OCLz= -0.39± 0.12) was significantly below the infection recovered-controls (OCLz= +0.32± 0.16, p< 0.01). We observed that 48% of patients with Long COVID had episodic memory deficit, with 27% also impaired overall cognitive function, especially attention, working memory, processing speed and verbal fluency. The MRI examination included grey matter morphometry and whole brain structural connectivity analysis. Compared to infection recovered controls, patients had thinner cortex in a specific cluster centred on the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. In addition, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) were observed in widespread areas of the patients' cerebral white matter relative to these controls. Correlations between cognitive status and brain abnormalities revealed a relationship between altered connectivity of white matter regions and impairments of episodic memory, overall cognitive function, attention and verbal fluency. This study shows that patients with neurological Long COVID suffer brain changes, especially in several white matter areas, and these are associated with impairments of specific cognitive functions.
Re: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Research
COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000583/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000583/