Mouth

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Petr75
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Mouth

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2020 Aug 27
Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo , Brazil
Oral Colonization by Candida Species in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32856162/

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Since immune system plays a key role in this disease, patients with MS can present higher risk of infections.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of MS patients in relation to a control group METHODS: In total, 100 individuals were selected: 55 diagnosed with MS and 45 healthy individuals (control group). Saliva samples were collected and seeded in culture media selecting for Candida. Following an incubation period of 48 h, colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) were counted and colonies were isolated for Candida species identification by multiplex PCR. The results were analysed by chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests considering a significance level of 5%.

Results: Candida spp. were confirmed in the oral cavity of 50.09% patients in the MS group and 35.55% individuals in the control group. In individuals positive for the growth of Candida spp., the median values of Candida colonies were 220 CFU mL-1 for the MS group and 120 CFU mL-1 for the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for both prevalence and CFU mL-1 count. Of the Candida species identified, 73.91% were C. albicans, 21.73% C. glabrata, 2.17% C. tropicalis, and 2.17% C. krusei.

Conclusions: The colonization of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of individuals with multiple sclerosis was higher than in the control group; however these findings were not proven to be statistically significant.
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Petr75
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Re: Mouth

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2021 Jan
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Is there an association between multiple sclerosis and oral health?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33772137/


Abstract

Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and CINAHL.

Study selection: Randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies and cohort studies.

Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently extracted data using piloted forms and contacted authors if relevant data were missing. Assessment of quality was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for both cohort and cross-sectional studies. The score of NOS ranged from 1-9, where 6-7 is considered moderate quality while 8-9 is high quality.

Results: Seventeen studies were included in the review (13 cross-sectional and four cohort). Seven out of 13 cross-sectional studies scored ≤5 which indicates poor quality. The four case-control studies were of moderate quality. Overall, there is limited evidence that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have more dental caries or gingival disease. However, evidence suggests that patients with MS have more risk of periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene. The evidence also suggests a moderate association between MS and temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Conclusions: With the exception of TMD, current evidence does not establish an association between MS and most oral health conditions. More high-quality evidence is needed to further explore and establish an association.
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Petr75
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Re: Mouth

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2021 Nov 30
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847159/


Abstract

Background: Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people.

Methods: From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences' MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels.

Results: The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method.

Conclusion: Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.
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