Viruses: Hypoxia and viruses reactivation. CCSVI?

[frodo]

Could be this the explanation of the relationship between CCSVI and MS?

This article points out that endogenous retroviruses that are normally latent reactivate under hypoxia (bad blood flow) conditions.

Investigation of Endogenous Retrovirus Sequences in the Neighborhood of Genes Up-regulated in a Neuroblastoma Model after Treatment with Hypoxia-Mimetic Cobalt Chloride

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826361/

Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been found to be associated with different diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS). Most human ERVs integrated in our genome are not competent to replicate and these sequences are presumably silent.

However, transcription of human ERVs can be reactivated, e.g., by hypoxia. Interestingly, MS has been linked to hypoxia since decades. As some patterns of demyelination are similar to white matter ischemia, hypoxic damage is discussed. Therefore, we are interested in the association between hypoxia and ERVs.

As a model, we used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after treatment with the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt chloride and analyzed differences in the gene expression profiles in comparison to untreated cells. The vicinity of up-regulated genes was scanned for endogenous retrovirus-derived sequences.

Five genes were found to be strongly up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with cobalt chloride: clusterin, glutathione peroxidase 3, insulin-like growth factor 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, and neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9. In the vicinity of these genes we identified large (>1,000 bp) open reading frames (ORFs). Most of these ORFs showed only low similarities to proteins from retro-transcribing viruses. However, we found very high similarity between retrovirus envelope sequences and a sequence in the vicinity of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9. This sequence encodes the human endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, the encoded protein product is called syncytin 2. Transfection of syncytin 2 into the well-characterized Ewing sarcoma cell line A673 was not able to modulate the low immunostimulatory activity of this cell line.

Future research is needed to determine whether the identified genes and the human endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 might play a role in the etiology of MS.

[Scott1]

Hi,

If you like this stuff, read "ATP and the Heart" by Prof.Joanne Ingwall. It's very technical but very good. Look at the tables she presents showing ischemia is worse than hypoxia in terms of damage. The piece you found become interesting when read along side that.

Regards,

[frodo]

Thanks. I will read it for sure.

[frodo]

More about Retroviruses reactivation:

Genetic Determinants of Antibody Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Links to Endogenous Retroviruses

http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/3/786

Abstract

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been clarified. In addition to environmental factors; genetic determinants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, endogenous retroviruses (ERV) might play a role in MS. The presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a typical feature of MS.

Recently, genetic polymorphisms in loci on human chromosomes 6, 14 and 18 have been identified as major determinants of CSF antibody levels in MS. The functional relevance of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains unclear and none of them is located in an open reading frame. In previous studies, we identified ERV sequences in the vicinity of MS associated SNPs.

Here, we describe the identification of ERV sequences in the neighborhood of SNPs associated with CSF antibody levels. All of the identified SNPs are located in the vicinity of ERV sequences. One of these sequences has very high homology to a sequence derived from the so-called MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV). Another cluster of three ERV sequences from the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus has retained the typical organization of retroviral genomes. These observations might shed new light on a possible association between ERVs and MS pathogenesis.

[vesta]

Could be this the explanation of the relationship between CCSVI and MS?

This article points out that endogenous retroviruses that are normally latent reactivate under hypoxia (bad blood flow) conditions.

Investigation of Endogenous Retrovirus Sequences in the Neighborhood of Genes Up-regulated in a Neuroblastoma Model after Treatment with Hypoxia-Mimetic Cobalt Chloride

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826361/

Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been found to be associated with different diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS). Most human ERVs integrated in our genome are not competent to replicate and these sequences are presumably silent.

However, transcription of human ERVs can be reactivated, e.g., by hypoxia. Interestingly, MS has been linked to hypoxia since decades. As some patterns of demyelination are similar to white matter ischemia, hypoxic damage is discussed. Therefore, we are interested in the association between hypoxia and ERVs.

As a model, we used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after treatment with the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt chloride and analyzed differences in the gene expression profiles in comparison to untreated cells. The vicinity of up-regulated genes was scanned for endogenous retrovirus-derived sequences.

WAIT A MINUTE !

Before we get too excited about Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs), allow me to point out that the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) – cause of Mononucleosis which has struck all MSers -also reactivates in a hypoxia situation. As early as my May 4, 2014 blog post I observed that poor blood flow due to CCSVI reactivates the Epstein Barr Virus and with it MS « attacks». (See Blogs for May 4, 2014 « MS, Body Tension, Oxygen and EBV (Revised), May 23, 2014 « Vit D, Veins and EBV » Oct 12, 2016 « Oxygenate » the Brain, Nov 29, 2017 « MS : Linking Hormones, Diet, Blood Flow, EBV, Myelin Sheath – 2)

So what comes first, the Hypoxia or EBV or ERV ?

There appears to be a pathological need in Western Allopathic medicine to find a drug to "cure" MS. But what if Hypoxia is the main culprit for which there are myriad causes and subsequent « cures » and the « cures » aren’t drug related. So who gets the money ? (Well yes, MS patients often want an easy way out. Take a pill and the problem goes away. Who wants to change their diet and way of life ?)

Below find the 3 principal causes, potential cures, for MS hypoxia in the Central Nervous System/

1.The Chiropractor Dr Michael Flanagan believed that up to 25% of MS cases were caused by skeletal obstructions of blood and cerebro-spinal fluid circulation. Dr. Scott Rosa uses the FONAR upright cine MRI to see the obstructions. Specialty needed ? Usually Chiropractic or Osteopathy.

2. Dr. Zamboni’s CCSVI theory and treatment proposes using angioplasty to enlarge stenosed veins draining the brain/spine in order to free obstructed fluid circulation. Specialty Interventional Radiology

3. Dr. Owiesy observed that when the smooth muscle layers of the CNS veins constrict or go into spasm, they obstruct blood flow. This very critical observation helps correct and enlarge Dr. Zamboni’s CCSVI theory/treatment. It’s not always a problem inside the vein but exterior to it. But it IS a venous blood circulation pathology.

a). Dr. Owiesy proposes administration of a mixture of dexamethasone/lidocaine/thiamine in the area around the Internal Jugular veins to relieve the spasms. (Well, yes these are drugs.)

b). I (and many others) propose a healthy non-inflammatory diet and supplements to prevent toxicity and overcome body tension which basically prevents the spasms and veinous constriction– in my opinion the best, non drug idea.

Currently Neurologists monopolize diagnosis and treatment of MS. They apparently completely ignore the Hypoxia phenomena. They use immune suppressing Disease Modifying Drugs (DMDs). Worse, they believe that early treatment of DMDs assures a better outcome to prevent « attacks ». They don’t consider the three hypoxia issues noted above. MSers get railroaded into treatment which may not be the best solution for them. Physical Therapists in France have told me that the drugs tend to suppress vital energies and that the MSer just gradually declines over time.

So I believe these drugs represent a great misfortune which unnecessarily compounds the MS misfortune. They give the illusion of treatment when in fact the true MS problem is not being addressed. The poor patient gets hooked on drugs before she considers anything else and then the inevitable decline sets in.

See George Ebers research. “Critical Review of outcomes used in MS clinical trials” which was posted on You Tube November 4, 2013 by the European Medicines Agency.

Previously published on my site MSCureEnigmas.net https://www.mscureenigmas.net/

Regards, Vesta

[frodo]

Before we get too excited about Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs), allow me to point out that the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) – cause of Mononucleosis which has struck all MSers -also reactivates in a hypoxia situation. As early as my May 4, 2014 blog post I observed that poor blood flow due to CCSVI reactivates the Epstein Barr Virus and with it MS « attacks». (See Blogs for May 4, 2014 « MS, Body Tension, Oxygen and EBV (Revised), May 23, 2014 « Vit D, Veins and EBV » Oct 12, 2016 « Oxygenate » the Brain, Nov 29, 2017 « MS : Linking Hormones, Diet, Blood Flow, EBV, Myelin Sheath – 2)

So what comes first, the Hypoxia or EBV or ERV ?

Good catch. Thanks

[Kinora]

I use a bio-health device for blood flow. It is configured to increase blood flow at the capillary level though an configured, multi-layered wave form. I wonder how much this would influence the prevention of virus reactivation. It helps white blood cells adhere.