Nature: NODDI reveals brain microstructural changes in multiple sclerosis

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frodo
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Nature: NODDI reveals brain microstructural changes in multiple sclerosis

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NODDI reveals brain microstructural changes in multiple sclerosis

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582- ... 0-x#citeas

A new study shows that neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) can visualize microstructural abnormalities in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). NODDI was performed in 172 patients with MS (101 relapsing–remitting and 71 progressive) and 62 healthy volunteers. In the MS group, neurite loss was observed even in normal-appearing cortex, but was more pronounced in cortical lesions. Microstructural changes in normal-appearing cortex correlated with disease duration and severity.

The former paper is not freely available but is just a review about the original article:

In vivo detection of damage in multiple sclerosis cortex and cortical lesions using NODDI
Preziosa, P. et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry

https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-327803 (2021)

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2021 ... 021-327803

Abstract

Objective To characterise in vivo the microstructural abnormalities of multiple sclerosis (MS) normal-appearing (NA) cortex and cortical lesions (CLs) and their relations with clinical phenotypes and disability using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with MS (101 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 71 progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS)) and 62 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a brain 3T MRI. Brain cortex and CLs were segmented from three-dimensional T1-weighted and double inversion recovery sequences. Using NODDI on diffusion-weighted sequence, intracellular volume fraction (ICV_f) and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI) were assessed in NA cortex and CLs with default or optimised parallel diffusivity for the cortex (D//=1.7 or 1.2 µm2/ms, respectively).

Results The NA cortex of patients with MS had significantly lower ICV_f versus HCs’ cortex with both D// values (false discovery rate (FDR)-p <0.001). CLs showed significantly decreased ICV_f and ODI versus NA cortex of both HCs and patients with MS with both D// values (FDR-p ≤0.008). Patients with PMS versus RRMS had significantly decreased NA cortex ICV_f and ODI (FDR-p=0.050 and FDR-p=0.032) with only D//=1.7 µm2/ms. No CL microstructural differences were found between MS clinical phenotypes. MS NA cortex ICV_f and ODI were significantly correlated with disease duration, clinical disability, lesion burden and global and regional brain atrophy (r from −0.51 to 0.71, FDR-p from <0.001 to 0.045).

Conclusions A significant neurite loss occurs in MS NA cortex. CLs show a further neurite density reduction and a reduced ODI suggesting a simplification of neurite complexity. NODDI is relevant to investigate in vivo the heterogeneous pathology affecting the MS cortex.
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