hwebb wrote:zamboni says you need two or more major veins servicing the brain/spine to be obstructed to develop MS. Does your 61 year old have MS? Has he been given an MRI for MS (there's a special MRI protocol for this scan...just like an MRV for CCSVI requires a special protocol). I remember after I was first diagnosed with MS I discussed some of my symptoms with the radiologist. I had a massive prssure at one point in my head. He said "may be a tumour". I thought he would pick it up during the brain MRI...but he said no - they use special instrumental settings to probe for each suspected condition.
Anyway - I later went back to him with the Haacke CCSVI protocol and was diagnosed with CCSVI (confirmed with Doppler Ultrasound).
i do not understand the focus on ms. the patient has venous disease, that is pure and simple. No one can deny that the right jugular vein is hypoplastic. There is no history of any proven pathological process that might cause this appearance. He never had a catheter in his neck, no trauma, no obvious infectious processes.
So since there is no evidence that MS causes stenotic veins, what do we do about this hypoplastic vein?
Let's review the essential features of the right jugular venogram. For the moment accept that the left ijv is stenotic at the confluens
The right jugular vein (horizontal black arrow) is very small. you can see the difference in dimensions compared to the left side. The normal jugular vein measured more than 8 millimeters and can distend greatly beyond that. This measures about 3 m illimeters.
The contrast media comes to an abrupt end (curved orange arrow). meaning that the diameter is no more than the diameter of the catheter which is 1.66 millimeters in diameter.
We cannot tell how long that occlusion is but it must end somewhere along its lower half. Occlusion is not the same as thrombosis which is an occlusion caused by or resulting in clot filling the vein.
Looking up, one sees that the contrast media is refluxing up in to the head predominantly through the sigmoid sinus (vertical arrow) but also through veins at the skull base such as the squiggly one near the middle. The white curved arrow points to intracranial veins that are refluxing, trying to find a way out of the skull and into the left internal jugular vein.
Given symptoms, something should be done to improve intracranial outflow.