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Here's an interesting book on the endothelum. It's available for free through the NCBI Bookshelf.

Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54117/

• The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.

THANK YOU, NHE~
It's a clickable, online book. Wow, very cool. They have all the research in one place.
My favorite chapter is ischemia-reperfusion injury.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54125/

Ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury refers to tissue damage that occurs after blood supply returns to previously ischemic areas. I/R injury is typically observed under the clinical conditions of myocardial infarction, organ transplantation, and hemorrhage after resuscitation. I/R injury is often accompanied by oxidative stress due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage endothelial barrier integrity and disrupt endothelial cell–cell junctions leading to microvascular hyperpermeability [153, 159].

During infection or inflammation, activated leukocytes extravasate from the blood into the surrounding tissue (diapedesis) [126].

I've been sending around my review regarding MS as a disease of hypoperfusion/reperfusion injury to a lot of endothelial researchers.
http://ccsviinms.blogspot.com/2013/09/m ... perfu.html
This book will be a helpful reference.
cheer

I agree with you, Cheer. I remember discussing the PreMISE study vis-a-vis reperfusion injury after restoring blood flow last year at ISNVD (Krakow). All "the docs" agreed that is 1st guess about what they saw. (I know they did not fully restore flow >75%, and other problems with their conclusions, however, assuming it were valid finding after PTA, this would be a likely suspect).

msscooter wrote:I agree with you, Cheer. I remember discussing the PreMISE study vis-a-vis reperfusion injury after restoring blood flow last year at ISNVD (Krakow). All "the docs" agreed that is 1st guess about what they saw. (I know they did not fully restore flow >75%, and other problems with their conclusions, however, assuming it were valid finding after PTA, this would be a likely suspect).

If reperfusion injury is what was occurring, then there would have to be treatment to prevent reperfusion injury. This would be easy to know what to do based on what's done in stroke treatment?

It is a complication is stroke treatment, as I understand.

Cece--Reperfusion injury is very real in stroke, but sadly, with thousands of drugs tested, none have dealt effectively with the process--since it is so complex and involves oxidative stress, immune activation and complement cascade (sounds familiar, eh?)
http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/7/1/97
Hypoperfusion is a more chronic and less catastrophic situation than stroke, in that the blood flow is reduced, but not completely blocked, as it is in ischemic stroke.

Scooter--Although reperfusion injury may be what's going on after venoplasty, the theory I wrote up is not about what happens after venoplasty for CCSVI, but what might be happening in the relapsing-remitting phase of MS. I outlined the factors that MS flares and reperfusion injury share, including demyelination, blood brain barrier disruption, immune activation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of endothelin 1 in plasma. Once the brain is conditioned to this response, the reperfusion injuries eventually end, and the patient enters the SPMS phase. Dr. Dake got me going on this line of investigation--

Dr. Dake mentioned in a presentation at ISNVD how hyperperfusion (otherwise known as reperfusion injury) occurs BEFORE an MS lesion forms. He referenced this paper, which discusses how this perfusion change happens before the break in the blood brain barrier, before the immune system entry, before demyelination. The very first step is a change in perfusion. I wanted to know--why?
http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content ... 1.full.pdf

Here's the full theory, with cited research. Please, feel free to share it with interested researchers.
http://ccsviinms.blogspot.com/2013/09/m ... perfu.html
cheer

interesting, thanks!