related science:
Trace and mineral elements in royal jelly and homeostatic effects.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16325534
"Royal jelly from Apis mellifera is a highly active natural biological substance and is probably one of the most interesting raw substances in natural product chemistry. Trace elements play a key role in the biomedical activities associated with royal jelly, as these elements have a multitude of known and unknown biological functions. For this reason concentrations of 28 trace (Al, Ba, Sr, Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sn, Te, Tl, W, Sb, Cr, Ni, Ti, V, Co, Mo) and mineral (P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) elements were systematically investigated in botanically and geologically defined royal jelly samples. In addition, concentrations of 14 trace elements were measured in the associated honey samples--honey being the precursor of royal jelly. Concentrations of K, Na, Mg, Ca, P, S, Cu, Fe, Zn, Al, Ba and Sr in royal jelly were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), while concentrations of Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sn, Te, Tl, W, Sb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ti, V, Co and Mo in royal jelly were determined by double focusing magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). In the honey samples, trace and mineral element concentrations strongly depended on botanical and geological origin, and substantial variation was found. In contrast, the concentrations of trace and mineral elements were highly constant in the associated royal jelly samples. The most important results were the homeostatic adjustments of trace and mineral element concentrations in royal jelly. This effect was evidently produced in the endocrine glands of nurse bees, which are adapted for needs of bee larvae. In conclusion, this research yielded a surprising and completely new finding--that royal jelly, as a form of lactation on the insect level, shows the same homeostatic adjustment as mammalian and human breast milk.
"The most abundant mineral elements in royal jelly samples were K, Na, Mg, Ca, P, and S. Zn, Fe, Cu, Al and Mn were abundant trace elements in royal jelly (Table 2; Figs. 1 and 2)."
in case anyone would rather be a queen bee:
THE CHANGES IN THE THIAMINE, RIBOFLAVIN, NIACIN AND PANTOTHENIC ACID CONTENT IN THE FOOD OF FEMALE HONEYBEES DURING GROWTH WITH A NOTE ON THE VITAMIN K ACTIVITY OF ROYAL JELLY AND BEEBREAD
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/e ... 3/art00011
The term “royal jelly” refers to the product formed and secreted by the pharyngeal glands of the nurse bees for the nourishment of the queen larvae. Larvae which are to become the sexually underdeveloped female worker bees receive during the first two to three days of their development the “larval food” similar to that given the queen larvae. Afterwards they are believed to be supplied with the “larval food” which is poorer in nitrogenous materials and lacks a factor or factors necessary for the production of queens. Recent investigations (Haydak, 1943) showed, however, that the food of older worker larvae does not differ appreciably in its protein content from the food of older queen larvae, but is considerably lower in the fat and mineral contents. The major purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in the concentration of certain of the B vitamins in the food supplied to the queen and worker larvae during the period of their growth.