O3
2006 Ap
Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USAType 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis: An Association to Consider
Air pollution and type 1 diabetes in children
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16629713/
..Conclusion: Cumulative exposure to ozone and sulfate in ambient air may predispose to the development of type 1 diabetes in children. Early infant formula feeding and passive smoking in the household may precipitate or accelerate the onset of type 1 diabetes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MS
2022 Oct 27
Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, PRT
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis: An Association to Consider
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36447698/
...Other less recognized associations, such as the co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, are also more frequent than might be thought, with studies reporting a threefold to fivefold higher prevalence of T1D in patients with MS
Tropospheric ozone
Re: Tropospheric ozone
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Jan 1
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Effect of ozone exposure on the foraging behaviour of Bombus terrestris
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36334775/
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) mixing ratios have increased substantially since preindustrial times and high O3 peaks are increasingly common. Plant-pollinator interactions are central to natural ecosystem functioning and food production systems but could be negatively affected by unfavourable environmental conditions such as elevated O3. Ecosystem functioning is threatened by O3, which can degrade floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used by pollinators as olfactory cues during foraging. It can also exert oxidative stress on VOC-emitting plants and receiving organisms, potentially disturbing the sending and receiving of VOC signals....
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Effect of ozone exposure on the foraging behaviour of Bombus terrestris
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36334775/
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) mixing ratios have increased substantially since preindustrial times and high O3 peaks are increasingly common. Plant-pollinator interactions are central to natural ecosystem functioning and food production systems but could be negatively affected by unfavourable environmental conditions such as elevated O3. Ecosystem functioning is threatened by O3, which can degrade floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used by pollinators as olfactory cues during foraging. It can also exert oxidative stress on VOC-emitting plants and receiving organisms, potentially disturbing the sending and receiving of VOC signals....
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Jan 11
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629499/
-------------------------------------
2023 Jan 11
Center for ITS and UAV Applications Research, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
A hybrid deep learning model for regional O3 and NO2 concentrations prediction based on spatiotemporal dependencies in air quality monitoring network
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36641063/
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629499/
-------------------------------------
2023 Jan 11
Center for ITS and UAV Applications Research, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
A hybrid deep learning model for regional O3 and NO2 concentrations prediction based on spatiotemporal dependencies in air quality monitoring network
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36641063/
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
O3
2023 Jan 12
Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA
Long-term exposure to ambient O3 and PM2.5 is associated with reduced cognitive performance in young adults: A retrospective longitudinal repeated measures study in adults aged 18-90 years
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36642175/
-----------------------------------------
MS
2018 Feb 6
Journal List Neurology PMC5818015
Cognition in multiple sclerosis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5818015/
...Cognitive decline is recognized as a prevalent and debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially deficits in episodic memory and processing speed.
2023 Jan 12
Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA
Long-term exposure to ambient O3 and PM2.5 is associated with reduced cognitive performance in young adults: A retrospective longitudinal repeated measures study in adults aged 18-90 years
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36642175/
-----------------------------------------
MS
2018 Feb 6
Journal List Neurology PMC5818015
Cognition in multiple sclerosis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5818015/
...Cognitive decline is recognized as a prevalent and debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially deficits in episodic memory and processing speed.
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Jan 18Petr75 wrote: ↑Sun Jan 15, 2023 1:26 pm 2023 Jan 11
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629499/
-------------------------------------
2023 Jan 11
Center for ITS and UAV Applications Research, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
A hybrid deep learning model for regional O3 and NO2 concentrations prediction based on spatiotemporal dependencies in air quality monitoring network
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36641063/
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
High urban NO x triggers a substantial chemical downward flux of ozone
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652521/
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) play a central role in catalyzing tropospheric ozone formation. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has recently reemerged as a key target for air pollution control measures, and observational evidence points toward a limited understanding of ozone in high-NOx environments....
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Jan 13
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, USA
Effects of Ozone on Sickness and Depressive-like Behavioral and Biochemical Phenotypes and Their Regulation by Serum Amyloid A in Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36675130/
Ozone (O3) is an air pollutant that primarily damages the lungs, but growing evidence supports the idea that O3 also harms the brain; acute exposure to O3 has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as depressed mood and sickness behaviors...
----------------------------------
2023 Jan 19
Research on the ozone formation sensitivity indicator of four urban agglomerations of China using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite data and ground-based measurements
Near surface ozone is a typical secondary pollutant, and is mostly generated by a series of complex photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air under sunlight....
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, USA
Effects of Ozone on Sickness and Depressive-like Behavioral and Biochemical Phenotypes and Their Regulation by Serum Amyloid A in Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36675130/
Ozone (O3) is an air pollutant that primarily damages the lungs, but growing evidence supports the idea that O3 also harms the brain; acute exposure to O3 has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as depressed mood and sickness behaviors...
----------------------------------
2023 Jan 19
Research on the ozone formation sensitivity indicator of four urban agglomerations of China using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite data and ground-based measurements
Near surface ozone is a typical secondary pollutant, and is mostly generated by a series of complex photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air under sunlight....
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
O3
2023 Jan 24
Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
The impact of subchronic ozone exposure on serum metabolome and the mechanisms of abnormal bile acid and arachidonic acid metabolisms in the liver
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36701875/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MS
2020 Jul 1
Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclrosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324171/
2023 Jan 24
Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
The impact of subchronic ozone exposure on serum metabolome and the mechanisms of abnormal bile acid and arachidonic acid metabolisms in the liver
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36701875/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MS
2020 Jul 1
Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclrosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324171/
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2022 Aug
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35000467/
....Conclusions: In addition to the association between high county-level ozone and POMS, we report evidence for additive interactions between higher county-level ozone and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype. Identifying gene-environment interactions may provide mechanistic insight of biological processes at play in MS susceptibility. Our work suggests a possible role of APCs for county-level ozone-induced POMS risk.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023 Jan 18
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
High urban NO x triggers a substantial chemical downward flux of ozone
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652521/
------------
2022 Nov 18
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Attributing Increases in Ozone to Accelerated Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds at Reduced Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations
----------------------------------------
2023 Jan 11
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629499/
...............................
(The key to the rise of MS and O3 might possibly be NOx :/)
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35000467/
....Conclusions: In addition to the association between high county-level ozone and POMS, we report evidence for additive interactions between higher county-level ozone and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype. Identifying gene-environment interactions may provide mechanistic insight of biological processes at play in MS susceptibility. Our work suggests a possible role of APCs for county-level ozone-induced POMS risk.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023 Jan 18
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
High urban NO x triggers a substantial chemical downward flux of ozone
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652521/
------------
2022 Nov 18
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Attributing Increases in Ozone to Accelerated Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds at Reduced Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations
----------------------------------------
2023 Jan 11
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629499/
...............................
(The key to the rise of MS and O3 might possibly be NOx :/)
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Feb 3
Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
The role of potassium current in the pulmonary response to environmental oxidative stress
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36740034/
Abstract
Exposure of human lung epithelial cells (A549 cell line) to the oxidant pollutant ozone (O3) alters cell membrane currents inducing its decrease, when the cell undergoes to a voltage-clamp protocol ranging from -90 to +70mV. The membrane potential of these cells is mainly maintained by the interplay of potassium and chloride currents. Our previous studies indicated the ability of O3 to activate ORCC and consequently increases the chloride current (Outward Rectifier Chloride Channel). In this paper our aim was to understand the response of potassium current to oxidative stress challenge and to identify the kind potassium channel involved in O3 induced current changes. After measuring the total membrane current using an intracellular solution with or without potassium ions, we obtained the contribution of potassium to the overall membrane current in control condition by a mathematical approach. Repeating these experiments after O3 treatment we observed a significant decrease of Ipotassium. Treatment of the cells with Iberiotoxin (IbTx), a specific inhibitor of BK channel, we were able not only to verify the presence and the functionality of BK channels. In addition, the administration of 4-Aminopyridine (an inhibitor of voltage dependent K channels but not BK channels) and Tetraethylammonium (TEA) before and after O3 treatment we observed the formation of BK oxidative post-translation modifications. Our data suggest that O3 is able to inhibit potassium current by targeting BK channel. Further studies are needed to better clarify the role of this BK channel and its interplay with the other membrane channels under oxidative stress conditions. These findings can contribute to identify the biomolecular pathway induced by O3 allowing a possible pharmacological intervention against oxidative stress damage in lung tissue.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2014 Mar
4-Aminopyridine for symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3932769/
Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
The role of potassium current in the pulmonary response to environmental oxidative stress
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36740034/
Abstract
Exposure of human lung epithelial cells (A549 cell line) to the oxidant pollutant ozone (O3) alters cell membrane currents inducing its decrease, when the cell undergoes to a voltage-clamp protocol ranging from -90 to +70mV. The membrane potential of these cells is mainly maintained by the interplay of potassium and chloride currents. Our previous studies indicated the ability of O3 to activate ORCC and consequently increases the chloride current (Outward Rectifier Chloride Channel). In this paper our aim was to understand the response of potassium current to oxidative stress challenge and to identify the kind potassium channel involved in O3 induced current changes. After measuring the total membrane current using an intracellular solution with or without potassium ions, we obtained the contribution of potassium to the overall membrane current in control condition by a mathematical approach. Repeating these experiments after O3 treatment we observed a significant decrease of Ipotassium. Treatment of the cells with Iberiotoxin (IbTx), a specific inhibitor of BK channel, we were able not only to verify the presence and the functionality of BK channels. In addition, the administration of 4-Aminopyridine (an inhibitor of voltage dependent K channels but not BK channels) and Tetraethylammonium (TEA) before and after O3 treatment we observed the formation of BK oxidative post-translation modifications. Our data suggest that O3 is able to inhibit potassium current by targeting BK channel. Further studies are needed to better clarify the role of this BK channel and its interplay with the other membrane channels under oxidative stress conditions. These findings can contribute to identify the biomolecular pathway induced by O3 allowing a possible pharmacological intervention against oxidative stress damage in lung tissue.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2014 Mar
4-Aminopyridine for symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3932769/
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
2023 Feb 8
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
UV radiation and air pollution as drivers of major autoimmune conditions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36764434/
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a very heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disruptive immune responses against self-antigens, chronic morbidity and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of major autoimmune conditions are particularly high in the western world, at northern latitudes, and in industrialized countries. This study will mainly focus on five major autoimmune conditions, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective role of sunlight exposure on the etiology of major autoimmune conditions mediated by the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide. A historical perspective shows how the rise of anthropogenic air pollutants is temporally associated with dramatic increases in incidence of these conditions. The scattering caused by ambient particulate matter and the presence of tropospheric ozone can reduce the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide, which are implicated in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Air pollutants have direct detrimental effects on the human body and are deemed responsible of an increasingly higher portion of the annual burden of human morbidity and mortality. Air pollution contributes in systemic inflammation, activates oxidative pathways, induces epigenetic alterations, and modulates the function and phenotype of dendritic cells, Tregs, and T-cells. In this review, we provide epidemiological and mechanistic insights regarding the role of UV-mediated effects in immunity and how anthropic-derived air pollution may affect major autoimmune conditions through direct and indirect mechanisms.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
UV radiation and air pollution as drivers of major autoimmune conditions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36764434/
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a very heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disruptive immune responses against self-antigens, chronic morbidity and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of major autoimmune conditions are particularly high in the western world, at northern latitudes, and in industrialized countries. This study will mainly focus on five major autoimmune conditions, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective role of sunlight exposure on the etiology of major autoimmune conditions mediated by the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide. A historical perspective shows how the rise of anthropogenic air pollutants is temporally associated with dramatic increases in incidence of these conditions. The scattering caused by ambient particulate matter and the presence of tropospheric ozone can reduce the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide, which are implicated in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Air pollutants have direct detrimental effects on the human body and are deemed responsible of an increasingly higher portion of the annual burden of human morbidity and mortality. Air pollution contributes in systemic inflammation, activates oxidative pathways, induces epigenetic alterations, and modulates the function and phenotype of dendritic cells, Tregs, and T-cells. In this review, we provide epidemiological and mechanistic insights regarding the role of UV-mediated effects in immunity and how anthropic-derived air pollution may affect major autoimmune conditions through direct and indirect mechanisms.
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
O3
2023 Jan 20
Research Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute, Florence, Italy
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ground-Level Ozone Associated Global DNA Hypomethylation and Bulky DNA Adduct Formation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768368/
Abstract
Studies have indicated that air pollution, including surface-level ozone (O3), can significantly influence the risk of chronic diseases. To better understand the carcinogenic mechanisms of air pollutants and identify predictive disease biomarkers, we examined the association between traffic-related pollutants with DNA methylation alterations and bulky DNA adducts...
--------------------------------------------------------------
MS
December 15, 2021
PNAS
Specific hypomethylation programs underpin B cell activation in early multiple sclerosis
Significance
Cellular and molecular mediators driving multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology have been discovered to a great extent. However, the early molecular events leading to aberrant immune responses remain largely unknown....
(global DNA hypomethylation signature)
2023 Jan 20
Research Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute, Florence, Italy
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ground-Level Ozone Associated Global DNA Hypomethylation and Bulky DNA Adduct Formation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768368/
Abstract
Studies have indicated that air pollution, including surface-level ozone (O3), can significantly influence the risk of chronic diseases. To better understand the carcinogenic mechanisms of air pollutants and identify predictive disease biomarkers, we examined the association between traffic-related pollutants with DNA methylation alterations and bulky DNA adducts...
--------------------------------------------------------------
MS
December 15, 2021
PNAS
Specific hypomethylation programs underpin B cell activation in early multiple sclerosis
Significance
Cellular and molecular mediators driving multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology have been discovered to a great extent. However, the early molecular events leading to aberrant immune responses remain largely unknown....
(global DNA hypomethylation signature)
https://www.eboro.cz
Re: Tropospheric ozone
O3
2023 Feb 11
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Daily changes in ambient air pollution concentrations and temperature and suicide mortality in Canada: Findings from a national time-stratified case-crossover study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36781013/
Abstract
Introduction: Worldwide, approximately 1900 people die by suicide daily. Daily elevations in air pollution and temperature have previously been linked to a higher risk of death from suicide. To date, there have been relatively few studies of air pollution, particularly at national levels. National analyses can play an important role in shaping health policy to mitigate against adverse health outcomes.
Methods: We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design to investigate the influence of short-term (i.e., day to day) interquartile range (IQR) increases in air pollutants nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], and fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) and temperature on suicide deaths in Canada between 2002 and 2015...
------------------
February 10, 2023
JAMA Netw Open
Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamane ... le/2801241
....Exposures The exposures consisted of residential long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per billion; and ozone (O3), measured in parts per billion.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MS
2019 Aug 28
Depression and Suicidality in Multiple Sclerosis: Red Flags, Management Strategies, and Ethical Considerations
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6713681/
2023 Feb 11
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Daily changes in ambient air pollution concentrations and temperature and suicide mortality in Canada: Findings from a national time-stratified case-crossover study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36781013/
Abstract
Introduction: Worldwide, approximately 1900 people die by suicide daily. Daily elevations in air pollution and temperature have previously been linked to a higher risk of death from suicide. To date, there have been relatively few studies of air pollution, particularly at national levels. National analyses can play an important role in shaping health policy to mitigate against adverse health outcomes.
Methods: We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design to investigate the influence of short-term (i.e., day to day) interquartile range (IQR) increases in air pollutants nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], and fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) and temperature on suicide deaths in Canada between 2002 and 2015...
------------------
February 10, 2023
JAMA Netw Open
Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamane ... le/2801241
....Exposures The exposures consisted of residential long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per billion; and ozone (O3), measured in parts per billion.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MS
2019 Aug 28
Depression and Suicidality in Multiple Sclerosis: Red Flags, Management Strategies, and Ethical Considerations
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6713681/
https://www.eboro.cz