https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.bio ... 23-01645-7
Conclusion
In summary, there is clinical evidence for an association of migraine and MS. Both clinical studies as well as animal experiments suggest the following scenario to possibly underly the migraine-MS link.
Patients with migraine and MS share a pro-inflammatory predisposition. Viral infections or other environmental circumstances trigger the development of T or B autoreactive clones in the peripheral blood.
Migraine attacks cause transient opening of the BBB, allowing autoreactive immune cells to enter the CNS. These infiltrated immune cells may get exposed and sensitized to myelin proteins. Previously sensitized autoreactive immune cells may re-enter the CNS from the peripheral circulation during migraine attack-triggered BBB breakdown. These clones may get re-exposed to their respective antigen and release inflammatory mediators with the help of microglia, resulting in demyelination and axonal loss (Fig. 1).
Advanced brain MR imaging might shed light on shared and distinct features of migraine and MS, as well as underlying disease mechanisms.
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