2019 Dec 14
Centre for Biogical Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Circadian rhythms in adaptive immunity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31837013
Abstract
The circadian clock provides organisms with the ability to track time of day, allowing them to predict and respond to cyclical changes in the external environment. In mammals this clock consists of multiple auto-regulatory feedback loops generated by a network of circadian clock proteins. This network provides the fundamental basis for rhythms in behaviour and physiology. This clockwork manchinery exists in most cells, including those of the immune system. In recent years evidence has emerged highlighting the important role of molecular clocks in dictating the response of immune pathways. While initial work highlighted the effect of the clock in the 'first line of defence', the innate immune system, it has become increasingly apparent that it also plays a role in the more tailored, later stage adaptive immune response. This review provides an overview of the role of the circadian cycle in the adaptive immune response. We interrogate the depth of knowledge on cell intrinsic clocks within adaptive immune cells and how these cells may be temporally directed by extrinsic rhythmic signals. We discuss the role of the circadian clock in diseases associated with adaptive immunity such as multiple sclerosis, asthma, and parasitic infection. We also discuss the current knowledge on timing of vaccination, and implications this may have on how we can harness and modulate temporal gating of the adaptive immune response in a clinical setting.
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Circadian rhythms
Circadian rhythms
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Re: Circadian rhythms
2019 Dec 15
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Circadian Activity Rhythm in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847439
Abstract
While relapsing-remitting is the most prevalent course of multiple sclerosis, the prognostic/predictive markers of the worsening of symptomatology are still debated. With reference to other diseases, the study of the circadian activity rhythm, according to the theoretical framework of the two-process model of sleep regulation and applying functional linear modeling, proved to be useful to identify a possible marker. The usefulness of the study of circadian activity rhythm in multiple sclerosis is strengthened by recent findings indicating a potential involvement of circadian factors in the multifactorial etiopathology of the disorder. The aim of the present study was to verify whether circadian activity rhythm of early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients presents specific alterations, through functional linear modeling. Thirty-five relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients (24 females; mean age ± SD = 31.51 ± 7.74) and 35 healthy controls (24 females; mean age ± SD = 31.29 ± 8.02) were enrolled. They wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist for one week. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients showed a peak in motor activity around 5:00 a.m., higher than that of healthy controls. The timing of the peak in motor activity in the patients could be explained according to the hyperactive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and higher cortisol awakening response reported in these patients.
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Circadian Activity Rhythm in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847439
Abstract
While relapsing-remitting is the most prevalent course of multiple sclerosis, the prognostic/predictive markers of the worsening of symptomatology are still debated. With reference to other diseases, the study of the circadian activity rhythm, according to the theoretical framework of the two-process model of sleep regulation and applying functional linear modeling, proved to be useful to identify a possible marker. The usefulness of the study of circadian activity rhythm in multiple sclerosis is strengthened by recent findings indicating a potential involvement of circadian factors in the multifactorial etiopathology of the disorder. The aim of the present study was to verify whether circadian activity rhythm of early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients presents specific alterations, through functional linear modeling. Thirty-five relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients (24 females; mean age ± SD = 31.51 ± 7.74) and 35 healthy controls (24 females; mean age ± SD = 31.29 ± 8.02) were enrolled. They wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist for one week. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients showed a peak in motor activity around 5:00 a.m., higher than that of healthy controls. The timing of the peak in motor activity in the patients could be explained according to the hyperactive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and higher cortisol awakening response reported in these patients.
https://www.eboro.cz