Biomarker for response to interferon: ADC values

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The role of ADC values within the normal-appearing brain in the prognosis of multiple sclerosis activity during interferon-β therapy in the 3-year follow-up: a preliminary report

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Predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during disease‑modifying treatment are being extensively investigated.

The aim of this study was to assess the prognosis of NEDA (no evidence of disease activity) status during IFN‑β (interferon‑β) treatment, using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements obtained at initial MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). In 87 MS patients treated with IFN‑β, ADC values were calculated for 13 regions of normal‑appearing white and grey matter (NAWM, NAGM) based on MRI performed with a 1.5 T magnet before (MS0, n = 45) or after one year of therapy (MS1, n = 42).

Associations were evaluated between ADC, conventional MRI findings, demographic and clinical factors and NEDA status within the following 3 years using logistic, Cox and multinomiallogistic regression models. NEDA rates in the MS0 group were 64.4%, 46.5% and 33.3% after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of treatment, respectively and in MS1 patients 71.4% and 48.7% for the periods 1st–2nd and 1st–3rd years of treatment, respectively. ADC values in the NAWM regions contributed to loss of NEDA and its clinical and radiological components, with a 1–3% increase in the risk of NEDA loss (p = 0.0001–0.0489) in both groups.

ADC measurements may have an additional prognostic value with regard to NEDA status.