CCSVI and CCVBP
Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
ABSTRACT
Because it lacks a lymphatic circulation, the brain must clear extracellular proteins by an alternative mechanism. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) functions as a sink for brain extracellular solutes, but it is not clear how solutes from the brain interstitium move from the parenchyma to the CSF. We demonstrate that a substantial portion of subarachnoid CSF cycles through the brain interstitial space. On the basis of in vivo two-photon imaging of small fluorescent tracers, we showed that CSF enters the parenchyma along paravascular spaces that surround penetrating arteries and that brain interstitial fluid is cleared along paravenous drainage pathways. Animals lacking the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes exhibit slowed CSF influx through this system and a ~70% reduction in interstitial solute clearance, suggesting that the bulk fluid flow between these anatomical influx and efflux routes is supported by astrocytic water transport. Fluorescent-tagged amyloid β, a peptide thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease, was transported along this route, and deletion of the Aqp4 gene suppressed the clearance of soluble amyloid β, suggesting that this pathway may remove amyloid β from the central nervous system. Clearance through paravenous flow may also regulate extracellular levels of proteins involved with neurodegenerative conditions, its impairment perhaps contributing to the mis-accumulation of soluble proteins.
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Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
I couldn't have put in words like you have.
The eyes and ears of the World can only detect what they are tuned for hearing!
Regards and have a fantastic weekend!
Nigel
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Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
Previously Unknown Cleaning System in Brain: Newer Imaging Technique Brings 'Glymphatic System' to Light
ScienceDaily (Aug. 15, 2012) — A previously unrecognized system that drains waste from the brain at a rapid clip has been discovered by neuroscientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center. The findings were published online August 15 in Science Translational Medicine.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20 ... 142042.htm
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The highly organized system acts like a series of pipes that piggyback on the brain's blood vessels, sort of a shadow plumbing system that seems to serve much the same function in the brain as the lymph system does in the rest of the body -- to drain away waste products.
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"It's as if the brain has two garbage haulers -- a slow one that we've known about, and a fast one that we've just met," said Nedergaard. "Given the high rate of metabolism in the brain, and its exquisite sensitivity, it's not surprising that its mechanisms to rid itself of waste are more specialized and extensive than previously realized." While the previously discovered system works more like a trickle, percolating CSF through brain tissue, the new system is under pressure, pushing large volumes of CSF through the brain each day to carry waste away more forcefully.
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While a few scientists two or three decades ago hypothesized that CSF flow in the brain is more extensive than has been realized, they were unable to prove it because the technology to look at the system in a living animal did not exist at that time. "It's a hydraulic system," said Nedergaard.
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Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
https://www.facebook.com/groups/msfrien ... ment_reply
Quote;
Franz Schelling Nigel Wadham Hi Any increase in arterial as venous pressure within the craniovertebral space "pumps CSF" and displaces opposing tissues.
The question is: Why is this specifically injurious along the "Dawson-finger-embedded" segments of the periventricular veins

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Nigel Wadham Hi Franz, I would think along the lines that Michael Flanagan suggests that the first point of resistance (eventual weakening) to refluxing flow would be where the weakest point. The entry across the BBB is important and it is where the immune system becomes active eventually, and the visual scaring is seen after the fact by MRI.
The BBB breach sends all sorts of cells all around the brain by the CSF flow.
In my thoughts the places that the 'symptom damage' occurs may not be at the site of the original breach.
The use of the episodic version of MS as a model of MS is wrong in my opinion. The progressive form of MS is a true 'disease form'.
The episodic form is the bodies breakdown under conditions such as stress, accident/physical trauma, diet, lack of exercise etc, etc.
The episodes need to be understood not guessed at by Drug Manufacturers!
I believe from reading and watching and listening to all the CCSVI discussions over the last few years that CCSVI is primarily a mechanical or physical vascular flow issue and there are many additional factors that add to create many diseases that are poorly understood because technology has not been able to explain the processes.
The talk about CSF flow and importance has come from technology showing what Michael Flanagan has published and talked about for years in the same way you have explained the vascular flow issues for years Franz.
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Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
As I mentioned in my reply to Nigel, I discuss CSF as the lymphatic system of the brain in my book. The term "glymphatic system" was coined because of the connection to glial cells. Glial cells were once considered to be simply structural cells in the brain not nerves that conduct signals. We know now that they are far more complicated than simply structural cells. They do many thing and are too complicate to go into here. There are different types of glia cells. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that make myelin. Astocytes are another type of glial cells. It is the so called "feet" of astrocytes that make up the blood brain barrier. What the latest imaging research shows is that CSF in the Verchow-Robbin (perivascular) spaces is connected via tiny pores to channels made from glial cells. The channels are the extension of the CSF system into the interstitial spaces of the brain. The idea is not new. The fact that we can see the glial channels is, as well as the fact that they move at different speeds. The hydraulic connection is not new. It's basic physics. I will discussing hydraulics and poroelasticity in my next two wordpress blogs. The last one was on Dandy-Walker Syndrome. I suspect that CSF hydraulics damages the brain in DWS and neurodegenerative diseases.
Among other things, I use craniopathy. It is an excellent method of working on the musculoskeletal system of the head. In the right hands it has a great deal to offer. One of the primary goals of craniopathy is to restore CSF flow. The theory behind craniopathy is called the craniosacral primary respiratory rhythm. The theory is based in part on the movement of the bones of the skull. That's how I got started in my investigation because Dr. Harry Shapiro, a physical anthropologist and expert on the human skull disagreed that the bones of the healthy skull stay open and move. He was right. Craniopathy is wrong but it still works. The theory needs to be updated. The problem with craniopathy is that it uses a highly subjective approach to analysis of the mechanical strain. You can't show craniopathic lesions on x-rays or MRI. Craniopathy is also sorely lacking when it comes to specific protocols or triage. Specific upper cervical x-rays and upright MRI as used by Dr. Rosa clearly define the strain (misalignment). That said, I have had excellent results with my specific craniosacral approach which includes craniopathy, full spine and pelvic correction.
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In contrast to venous backjets, I suspect that the hydraulics caused by CSF backjets and turbulence compress and damage the brain. I will be covering hydraulics and poroelasticiy in my next two wordpress blogs.
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well, it's finally getting there. and none too soon. can you hear them marching and the wheelchairs rolling and even the ones wearing blinders are forced to take a look. "the army will be "massive" and a force to be reckoned with.
every army needs a leader--"and that be you General"!
in my meager way through the yrs. i would sit on my little wooden bridge over my creek and watch the flow. if there was an obstruction at the top the water would hop over it with a rush or try to sidetrack-then on down a ways it just kinda rolled around if obstructed--then at the near end if obstructed the water would stagnate somewhat and bobble around trying to work its way up against a force it couldn't fight so it overflowed. i'd sit there after i'd get the debri cleared best i could and watch the water flowing so peaceful going right down where and how it should. and wish somehow i could get my spine back to the way it felt before i had all that debri and was flowing right. so, although the top of the creek is the head of things and has a great impact i agree that treating the whole creek "spine" as you suggest would be the ultimate--if conditions permit.
your leadership and guidance here is so much needed and appreciated.
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Re: CCSVI and CCVBP
"Animals lacking the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes exhibit slowed CSF influx through this system and a ~70% reduction in interstitial solute clearance, suggesting that the bulk fluid flow between these anatomical influx and efflux routes is supported by astrocytic water transport"
Precisely this water channel AQP4 is the one destroyed in the MS-like disease NMO. I have never seen NMO or MS lesions, but they are reported to be similar and both kinds of lesions can be confused in MRIs. A new connection.
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